### Missing

* informal/formal switches and stats

### [ ] vandeWalle2004

results:
* looks at causes of poverty and incidence and participation in rural off-farm activities (1993-1998)
    * some common causative factors, education, region of residence
    * however generally processes determining both are not the same
* participation in rural non-farm market economy allows *some* route out of poverty but certainly not all

### [ ] McCaig2013

results:
* analyzing structural economic changes 1990-2008
    * structural changes account for 1/3rd of labor productivity growth (which was ~5.1% per year)
* move from agriculture toward services and manufacturing, from household businesses to firms in enterprise sector, reallocation of workers from state-owned to private domestic and foreign owned firms
    * especially manufacturing grew (8->14% of workforce)

primary determinants: changes in trade policy, expansion of employment in foreign owned firms, declining role of state owned enterprises

### [ ] McCaig2014

results:
* effects of US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (positive export shock), due to large US tariff reductions on Vietnamese exports
    * increased 5% share of manufacturing workers
    * slightly increased gap of labor productivity

### [ ] McCaig2015

results:
* effects of economic changes to workforce transitions informal -> formal
    * younger workers, esp migrants, more likely to work in formal sector and stay in it
    * decline in aggregate share in informal employment bc of changes between and within birth cohorts
    * younger, educated, male, urban workers more likely to switch than others
    * little educated, older, female, rural workers least likely to switch
    * formalization coincides with occupational upgrading