### [ ] Naiga2015

* looks at effects of major policy shift from supply-driven to demand-driven approach in rural water provision (in 1990)
    * results:
        * rural safe water coverage improved slightly
        * operation and maintenance of water sources pose great challenge, impeding long-term access to safe water
        * abrupt and top-down imposed policy created competing signals from old and new policies
            * lead to uncertainty and ambiguity about responsibilities, rules, incentives
        * challenge is not only water provision approach but provision of consistent multi-actor and -level governance structure tying to past institutions and providing long-term motivation for local water users to contribute to water provision
    * Isingiro results:
        * Uganda: access to improved water source 44% (1990), 60% (2004), 66% (2010)
        * Uganda: urban household travels 0.2km, rural 0.8km to source (avg waiting time half an hour)
        * Isingiro: average distance to source 1.5km
        * Isingiro: only 53% of water sources surveyed were functional
            * 24% partly functional (low/intermittent yield)
            * 18% non-functional
            * blocked drainage channels for some of them leading to possible contamination
    * qualitative:
        * water generally responsibility of women
        * cost of user fees prohibite for some to participate
        * technology and ability to repair were expensive and usually far away (spare parts, resulted in delayed repairs)


### [ ] Cooper2016

* looks at vulnerability of rural farmers to climate events
* results:
    * wealthier farmers perceive drought as highest risk, poorer farmers extreme heavy rainfall
    * generally implemented many anticipatory and livelihood coping responses (54.7%), like food storage, livestock maintenance, planting drought-resistant varieties
        * some responses (45.4%) specific to individual climatic events
        * had no response to cope with rainfall variability
    * environmental degradation additional driver of vulnerability: soil infertility, pests, diseases; economic instability
    * farmers with more land, education, access to gov extension, non-farm livelihood, larger households, older age more capacity to buffer shock (through increased assets and entitlements)
    * inequality arises due to different abilities to be resilient toward climatic shock events

### [x] Mulogo2018

* looks at access to water, sanitation, hygiene at health care facilities
    * 2010, Isingiro had 28% access to safe water
    * main supply technologies are public stand posts, protected spring technology, deep boreholes
    * rain harvesting tanks, gravity flow schemes, in some cases groundwater-based pubped piped water supply system present
* results:
    * of 282 health care facilities, 94% had improved sources (but some no improved source, some no source on the premises)

### [ ] Sempewo2021

* looks at changes in water suuply use (quantity) in Ugandan HHs (due to COVID-19)
    * most HHs had increase in water quantity usage
    * associated HH characteristics age, sex, education, main occupation of HH head, household size, region of residence
    * results can be used for equitable water supply during emergencies

### [ ] Atamanov2022 - see poverty for main part

* water access
    * general access to improved drinking water 87% urban, 74% rural (19/20);
      with only small amounts of inequality (75/74 rural poor/nonpoor; 76/90 poor/nonpoor)
    * but very little access to improved sanitation 39% urban, 25% urban; 19% rural poor, 29% nonpoor; 22% urban poor, 43% urban nonpoor (19/20)