diff --git a/_drivers-of-inequality-djibouti.qmd b/_drivers-of-inequality-djibouti.qmd index 6879807..b26a7d4 100644 --- a/_drivers-of-inequality-djibouti.qmd +++ b/_drivers-of-inequality-djibouti.qmd @@ -205,3 +205,89 @@ multilateral contributions kept increasing significantly to over 170m USD in 202 For the first time in 2020, then, multilateral contributions provided a significantly larger share of development assistance to Djibouti than bilateral contributions, a trend which may move even further apart if bilateral contributions keep decreasing while multilateral ones increase. +```{python} +#| label: tbl-dji-aid-projects +#| tbl-cap: "ODA projects of advancing inclusive growth, separated by project type" +#| column: page + +totals = df.loc[ + ( + (df['SECTOR'] == 15170) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 15180) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 25010) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 25020) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 25030) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 25040) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 33110) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 33120) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 33130) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 33140) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 33150) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 33181) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 43071) | + (df['SECTOR'] == 43072) + ) & + (df['CHANNEL'] == 100) & + (df['AMOUNTTYPE'] == 'D') & + ((df['FLOW'] == 11) | (df['FLOW'] == 13)) & # Total + (df['FLOWTYPE'] == 112) & + (df['AIDTYPE'] == "100") # contains mixed int and string representations + ] +aid = totals[totals['DONOR'] < 20000] # drop all 'total' aggregations + +# Aggregate different measures of topics +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 15170) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 15180)].index, 'SECTOR'] = 15170 +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 15170)].index, 'Sector'] = "Women's rights support" + +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 25010) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 25020) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 25030) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 25040)].index, 'SECTOR'] = 25010 +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 25010)].index, 'Sector'] = "Business growth" + +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 33110) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 33120) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 33130) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 33140) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 33150) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 33181)].index, 'SECTOR'] = 33110 +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 33110)].index, 'Sector'] = "Trade development" + +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 43071) | (aid['SECTOR'] == 43072)].index, 'SECTOR'] = 43071 +aid.loc[aid[(aid['SECTOR'] == 43071)].index, 'Sector'] = "Food security" + +# Group by sector per year and sum all values +aid_grouped = aid.groupby(['Year', 'Sector']).agg({'Value': ['sum']}) +aid_grouped = aid_grouped.reset_index(['Year', 'Sector']) +aid_grouped.columns = aid_grouped.columns.to_flat_index() +aid_grouped.columns = ['Year', 'Sector', 'Value'] + +crosstab = pd.crosstab(aid_grouped['Year'], aid_grouped['Sector'], margins=True, values=aid_grouped['Value'], aggfunc='sum') + +# Rename and reorder columns +crosstab = crosstab[['Trade development', 'Business growth', "Women's rights support", 'Food security', 'All']] + +crosstab.fillna('0.00') +``` + +Note: Values shown are for all Official Development Assistance flows valid under the OECD CRS data, calculated as constant currency (2020 corrected) USD millions. +Source: Author's elaboration based on OECD ODA CRS (2022). + +The sector-based breakdown of aid contributions for inclusive business growth in Djibouti can be seen in @tbl-dji-aid-projects. +It shows that overall development assistance to the necessary inclusive growth sectors in Djibouti is still small in absolute terms, especially for those in vulnerable positions. +The table is broken down into four sectors of development aid which drive the potential for inclusive growth in trade and business: +First, trade development encompasses trade policy and administrative management, trade facilitation, regional trade agreements, multilateral trade negotiations, trade-related adjustments and trade education and training. +Second, business growth is the combination of business policy and administrative management, privatization, business development services as well responsible business conduct --- +meaning the establishing of policy reform, implementation and enforcement of responsible business conduct, including, among others, implementation of guidelines for human rights support. +Third, and specifically aimed at the inclusion of women in economic activities, +is the support for women's rights which includes the establishment of, and assistance for, women's rights organizations and institutions to enhance their effectiveness, influence and sustainability. +And last, the provision for and protection of food security for those in vulnerable positions, +through capacity strengthening and household-level food security programmes, short- or long-term, +excluding emergency food assistance measures (such as for disaster crisis affected households). + +The amount of aid contributions into these sectors of inclusive growth in Djibouti is small in comparison with development assistance to the other countries analyzed. +The absolute amount of contributions has consistently stayed under 10m USD per year for all four sectors combined, +though an overall growth trend is visible from 0.5m USD in 2011 to 1.6m USD in 2016 and more rapid growth in 2020 to just under 10m USD. +Most of this recent growth in 2020 is driven by contributions to trade development with 7.7m USD, +while business growth and women's rights support are seeing much smaller contributions yet. +The business growth sector, though seeing small contributions in absolute terms, has seen a continued increase in contributions from 0.3m USD in 2011 to 1.7m USD in 2020, +with almost 2m USD at its peak in 2019. +Women's rights support, on the other hand, has seen some increase from its small contributions of not even 0.1m USD in 2011 to almost 0.8m USD in 2016, +but overall assistance to the sector stays stagnant at only around 0.25m USD in recent years. +Lastly, food security remains almost completely without Official Development Assistance contributions, with barely 0.05m USD being contributed at its peak in 2019. +Thus, development contributions to Djibouti's trade sector itself are increasing, +though at the same time contributions to inclusive growth specifically, +aimed at vulnerable populations and an inclusive business environment, +are growing slowly at best and stagnant for protection measures for those in vulnerable groups.